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The Roman Forum and Palatine Hill are integrated attractions that make up the Colosseum archaeological park, an area of important Roman buildings and rich cultural value to humanity. It is one of the most visited places in the world and, if you are in Rome, it is certainly worth visiting!
The area of the Roman Forum (or Foro Romano) and Palatine Hill is home to ancient buildings that for centuries were the center of civic and economic life in republican Rome. Occupied between the 7th and 10th centuries BC, the Forum Valley underwent numerous changes throughout its history, both in terms of its role in society and the buildings that were constructed there. The ruins of dozens of ancient buildings remain on site, allowing us to understand how Roman society worked and how it was organized at the time.
Important: the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill are an integral part of the Colosseum archaeological park, which means that with your Colosseum ticket, you can also visit them! The general admission ticket to the Colosseum allows entry to the Colosseum itself, the Roman Forum and the Palatine Hill!
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The Palatine Hill is one of the seven hills of Rome and is famous for being the setting for one of the most striking legends in Roman mythology: it was there that the twins Romulus and Remus were found being fed by a she-wolf (the Capitoline Wolf). In 735 BC, Romulus founded the city of Rome and became its first King. On the Palatine Hill, which is one of the oldest areas of Rome, are the ruins of temples and palaces where Roman emperors lived.
This area of the Palatine Hill was dedicated mainly to the upper classes of society, where they built sumptuous palaces, which you can get an idea of when you see their remaining buildings. There is also a viewpoint on the hill, from where you can have a beautiful view of the ruins of the Roman Forum and understand the size of this incredible archaeological site!
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First used for the construction of tombs, the Roman Forum played the role of a market, a meeting center for political and judicial activity, and became the site of the oldest temples in Rome, such as the Temple of Vesta, Saturn, Portia, Fulvia-Aemilia and Sempronia — all of which were replaced by other buildings.
During the empire of Julius Caesar, the area also began to be used for the exaltation of emperors and their families. With several changes to the Forum, the old Temple of Sempronia gave way to the Basilica Julia, the triumphal arches and the basilicas of Constantine and Maxentius were built, and the Roman Forum gradually became a great display of imperial power.
Among the various buildings in the Roman Forum, we have selected some of the most interesting ones for you to check out up close:
Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
Built in the 2nd century AD by order of Emperor Antoninus Pius, the temple in homage to his late wife Faustina is considered one of the best preserved temples in the Roman Forum. Located in front of the Regia, the temple owes its conservation to the fact that, in the Middle Ages, it was reused as the Church of S. Lorenzo in Miranda.
Arch of Constantine (next to the Colosseum)
The Arch of Constantine is a tribute to Emperor Constantine, built by the Roman Senate in 315, in commemoration of his victory over Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. It is the largest and last triumphal arch to be built in the Roman Forum, at 21 meters high. As many of the buildings in the Roman Forum were dismantled, transformed and reused for other purposes, the Arch of Constantine was also decorated by reusing sculptures from the temples of Trajan, Marcus Aurelius and Hadrian.
Temple of Venus and Roma (Golden House)
The Temple of Venus and Roma was built by Emperor Hadrian in the year 117 and is dedicated to the deities Venus Felix and Eternal Roma. The building was built from the atrium of the Golden House, a huge palace where Nero flaunted his splendor with decorations made of precious stones, ivory and frescoes. Even though a good part of both buildings are now destroyed, there is still a lot to see, and we recommend a visit!
Temple of Vesta
The Temple of Vesta was a sanctuary in worship of the goddess Vesta, the personification of the sacred fire that rules the city. Built in a circular shape with pillars surrounding its entrance, it kept a fire in its center — a symbol of the goddess — that burned uninterruptedly.
Basilica of Maxentius or Constantine
The largest building in the Roman Forum, the Basilica of Maxentius or Constantine began to be built in 306 by Emperor Maxentius and was only finished in 312 by Constantine, who defeated his predecessor in the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. Due to earthquakes in the region, all that remains of the imposing temple are three corridors and their vaults.
Arch of Septimius Severus
Still very well preserved, the Arch of Septimius Severus was built in celebration of the emperor’s victories in the conflicts between Rome and the Parthian Empire. In reliefs on its walls are images of the goddess Victory and, at the top, are statues of Septimius Severus and his two sons, Caracalla and Geta.
After the emperor’s death in 211, his sons ruled Rome jointly until Geta was assassinated by Caracalla, his brother. At that time, all representations of Geta were removed from the city’s public buildings.
Arch of Titus
Inspired by several arches around the world, including the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, the Arch of Titus was built by Domitian Flavius in honor of his brother, Emperor Titus Flavius. Considered the oldest triumphal arch still standing, it dates back to the year 82 and commemorates Rome’s victory over Jerusalem.
Although the Forum has been occupied by so many majestic buildings, the archaeological site only began to be excavated at the end of the 20th century and, due to recent concerns about the conservation of the site, there are currently not so many monuments still standing, but rather the ruins of a great chapter in the history of Rome.
Visiting the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill
Visits to the Roman Forum can be made daily and the ticket costs €18 (full price) which includes entry to the Palatine Hill, Roman Forum and Colosseum.
Remember that the ticket to the Roman Forum is the same as the ticket to the Colosseum, which is valid for 24 hours from the first use. Buy your ticket.
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Visiting hours for the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill
January 1st to February 29th: 9am to 4:30pm
March 1st to March 30th: 9am to 5:30pm
From March 31st to September 30th: 9am to 7:15pm
October 1st to October 26th: 9am to 6:30pm
From October 27th to December 31st: 9am to 4:30pm
* Entry is up to one hour before the park closes.
Tips for visiting the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill
Set aside around 3 hours to visit the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill. Depending on your interests, this time may be even longer.
The Roman Forum and Palatine Hill are very large and open-air areas, so wear comfortable shoes, preferably closed shoes, because the area is covered in dirt. If it’s hot, protect yourself from the sun with sunscreen and a hat.
The tip for visiting the Roman Forum is to visit it with a guide, because only with accurate information about the buildings will you understand their purpose, details of the constructions and the society of that time.
It is possible to see the Roman Forum from a very beautiful angle and for free! Behind the Capitoline Museums and Capitoline Square there is a very cool viewpoint to observe the site!
The site is not very well prepared for people with reduced mobility and walking with baby strollers, for example, may not be very easy since the surface of the archaeological site is made of stone and dirt.
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